Thursday, March 5, 2020
Nigersaurus - Facts and Figures
Nigersaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Nigersaurus (Greek for Niger lizard); pronounced NYE-jer-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of northern Africa Historical Period: Early Cretaceous (110 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and five tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Relatively short neck; hundreds of teeth in wide jaws About Nigersaurus Yet another Cretaceous feather in the cap of the globetrotting paleontologist Paul Sereno, Nigersaurus was a rather unusual sauropod, possessing a relatively short neck compared to the length of its tail; a flat, vacuum-shaped mouth packed with hundreds of teeth, arranged in about 50 columns; and almost comically wide jaws. Putting together these odd anatomical details, Nigersaurus seems to have been well adapted to low browsing; most likely it swept its neck back and forth parallel to the ground, hoovering up any vegetation within easy reach. (Other sauropods, which had much longer necks, may well have nibbled on the high branches of trees, though even this remains a matter of some dispute.) What many people dont know is that Paul Sereno didnt actually discover this dinosaur; the scattered remains of Nigersaurus (in northern Africas Elrhaz formation, in Niger ) were described by a French paleontologist in the late 1960s, and introduced to the world in a paper published in 1976. Sereno did, however, have the honor of naming this dinosaur (after studying additional fossil specimens) and publicizing it to the world at large. In typically colorful fashion, Sereno described Nigersaurus as a cross between Darth Vader and a vacuum cleaner, and also called it a Mesozoic cow (not an inaccurate description, if you ignore the fact that a full-grown Nigersaurus measured 30 feet from head to tail and weighed up to five tons!) Sereno and his team concluded in 1999 that Nigersaurus was a rebbachisaurid theropod, meaning it belonged to the same general family as the contemporary Rebbachisaurus of South America. Its closest relatives, however, were two intriguingly named fellow sauropods of the middle Cretaceous period: Demandasaurus, named after the Sierra la Demanda formation in Spain, and Tataouinea, named after the same bleak Tunisian province that may (or may not) have inspired George Lucas to invent the Star Wars planet Tatooine. (Yet a third sauropod, the South American Antarctosaurus, may or may not have been a kissing cousin as well.)
Monday, February 17, 2020
Fords marketing strategy The Way Forward Case Study - 1
Fords marketing strategy The Way Forward - Case Study Example This research will begin with the statement that Ford is one of the top ten leading global brands in terms of revenue. à In 2008 to 2009 however, Ford and the automotive industry, in general, experienced difficulty. Its competitors Chrysler and General Motors declared bankruptcy and the company itself is in danger experiencing a substantial decline in sales of 23.4 percent in 2008 to 2009. In an attempt to jump-start sales and save the company, Fordââ¬â¢s new CEO, Man Mulally the former EVP of Boeing (who incidentally helped saved the companyââ¬â¢s declining sales after 9/11 attack) implemented a marketing strategy dubbed ââ¬Å"The Way Forwardâ⬠which served as the companyââ¬â¢s blueprint to overcome the 2008-2009 crisis. There are several marketing issues in Fordââ¬â¢s marketing strategy ââ¬Å"The Way Forwardâ⬠. These are market segmentation, refocused marketing effort and pricing in addition to cutting costs. Perhaps what saved Ford from bankruptcy during the very difficult time of 2008-2009 crisis was its decision to refocus its marketing efforts towards emerging markets. Not only did the company experienced an increase in sales during this difficult time but it also saved on cost when it sold its Volvo subsidiary to leave its maturing market in Europe. As it turned out, it had to keep up with the challenge of the increasing demand rather than get anxious about declining sales.Ã
Monday, February 3, 2020
Ecpnomics for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Ecpnomics for Business - Essay Example The economy showed signs of a slowdown, though not to the point of recession. The GDP growth of only 1.1% took many economists by surprise and was the lowest rate of growth in three years (Porter & Bajaj, 2006). The GDP reported disappointing end-of-year results for the automotive industry in the U.S. Economists believed this to be the result of high gas prices and the expiration of deep discounts from the summer and fall seasons, which automakers instituted to improve domestic sales. Many U.S, economists predicted a normalization of sales and economic growth within the first half of 2006. Though some experts were not so optimistic. Robert J. Barbera, chief economist at Investment Technologies Group, Inc. and Charles Dumas, the chief international economist at Lombard Street Research in London predicted a slowdown, if not an outright onset of a recession by the end of the year (Porter & Bajaj, 2006). According to Steve Goldstein (2006), "Home Depot rose 3% in the pre-open after it earned $1.3 billion, or 0.60 cents a share in the 4th quarter of year 2006. This rise was up from 0.47 cents a share or $1 billion within the last year. The revenue for Home Depot has risen 16% while store sales were up. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis had a slow-down in the fourth-quarter growth. This primarily reflected a deceleration in consumer spending (2006). The annual growth for GDP was 3.5% which was unchanged from the estimate in February. According to the United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, the unemployment rate in April 2006 was 5.10 % in Texas 4.6% in San Antonio, Texas, and 4.7% nationally, which was comparatively the lowest rate since 2001. The relationship between supply and demand became precarious as unemployment affected the industry in several ways as Bureau of Economic Analysis showed a rise in personal income
Sunday, January 26, 2020
Media Representations Of Mental Illness Sociology Essay
Media Representations Of Mental Illness Sociology Essay Mass Media plays an important role in the way society perceive mental illness and the people suffering from it. This essay will examine how mass media in the United Kingdom reports and portrays mental illness and how this representation negatively and positively affects societys perceptions of people suffering with mental illness. There are various definitions of mental illness. Judge Lawton (1974 ) describes mental illness as a word without proper definition linked to legal significance. Rogers and Pilgrim (2005) outlined that there is no proper definition brought by the legal framework of psychiatry. This frame emphasise mental disorder as linked to various criminal acts. The meaning of mental illness has become a controversial debate, with some sociologists arguing that it is about illness rather than being social deviance. In British law the notion of mental illness has come from the notion of mental disorders. The British Law does not give a clear definition regarding mental illness. It defines mental illness as a mental disorder asâ⬠an impairment of or disturbance in the functioning of the mind or brain resulting from any disability or disorder of the mind or brainâ⬠(Department of Health, 2004, p3, 5 cited in Rogers and Pilgrim2005, p8). Baker and Menken, (2001) cited in Rogers and Pilgrim (2 005) argue that reject the notion of regarding brain disorders as being a mental illness as misleading people to acquire knowledge about some brain disorders which are not physical ailment. Mass media refers to a range of media which convey information to the general population including radio, television, newspapers and all forms of publications in global age. Giddens (2006) distinguishes variety forms of mass media such as the press, cinema. In the report by Harris (2004), Anderson (2003), a British sociologist, claims that there has been an increase in mass media interest on issues relating to community care for the past decade and that there has been a growth of mass media interest on the institutionalisation of people with mental illness. He argues that newspapers have a great influence when reporting violent incidents of people with mental illness. Philo et al (1994) emphasizes that media has an impact on the public view of mental illness as people beliefs are based on their past experiences and judgements. Mass media has significant role to play in the stigmatisation of people with mental illness. Theoretically, the current mass media give a very bad image to people with mental illness by labelling them as being dangerous, violent and criminals. Cutcliffe and Hannigan (2001, p315) argues that the inappropriate representation of mental illness in mass media increases stigma, harassment and victimisation of individuals by the public. This has led to some theorists like Goffman, (1961) cited in Busfied (2001. p10) to define mental illness as ââ¬Å"process of rejection, stigmatisation and social exclusion. Mass media may provoke strong passions which lead to a number of homicide over last forty years (Clutcliffe and Hannigan ( 2001). They also argue that government policy such as legislation concerning care has no clear provision of the care of people with mental illness in the society. As a result people with mental illness remain institutionalised. According to Anderson (2003, p298) sur vey shows that there is high incidents of homicides involving a person suffering of mental illness. He claims that mass media is the most powerful form in portraying those incidents. The newspaper report in 1994 of Stephen Laudatââ¬Ës case who was suffering from schizophrenia is one of the example how media portrays people with mental health. The media identifies him as ââ¬Å"killer who should not have gone to jailâ⬠( Anderson, 2003, p298). Anderson claims that newspapers have great influence to the wider society when reporting violent incidents of people with mental illness. Some of the studies and researches carried by some psychiatrics draw the idea that people are strongly influenced by the language the mass media use in reporting incidents of people with mental illness. Apple and Wessley(1988) cited in Cutcliffe and Hannigan (2001) suggest that situations as real have a linkage to the style the information is represented and they become real in their consequences. Mass media represent negative effects of mental illness to the wider society, mainly dominated by episodes of violence (Giddens 2006). Violence can be defined as ââ¬Å"a threat or use of force directed against the self or others in which physical harm or death is involvedâ⬠. Harns (2004, p19). He argues that there are imbalances of press coverage of mental health issues reinforcing stigma and disempowering the quality of life to the sufferers. MIND , one of the leading organisation of people with mental disorders in the UK also argues that press coverage such as in the Sun newspaper convey strong messages to the public and give biased information which gives people negative view of people with mental health problems. According to a 1993 survey carried by Scottish Mental Health Working group it has been found that within five categories of mass media,â⬠violence to others was 62%, harm to self 13%, sympathetic to others 18%, criticism of accepted definition of mental illness (1%) and comic images 2%â⬠(Cutcliff and Hannigan2001 p316). It can be noted that in the above survey, violence coverage came up with the highest percentage which significantly means that peoples beliefs are based on what the media convey to them. However, Mackeown and Clancy (1995) cited in Anderson (2003)) emphasize that media have different degree of intensity on people who once have mental illness. Media may provoke strong passions and lead to violence. On the other hand it maybe relative minor information conveyed by media and have only limited relevance to every day life. In addition, Signorielli (1989 and Wahl 1992 cited in Cutcliffe and Hannigan 2001) claims that media labelling people with mental illness as dangerous and violence gives a bad reputation to mentally ill people and reinforces the public view of fear and anxiety ( Busfied 2001). The media interpretation of people with mental illness has a strong impact on the general public because of negative reports contribute to different attitudes towards the mental ill ( Anderson 2003). Bhugra (1989) believes that mental illness is linked to negative attitudes such a cruel treatment of mentally ill people. Negative attitude which the media portrays encourage pessimis tic attitudes to the public. Repper (1997cited in Busfied 2001) outlined three things which some of the public are ignorant in understanding mental illness. For instance, people do not have strong background knowledge of the diagnoses, ignorant of the types of behaviours and emotional attitudes which are acceptable towards people with mental illness. Mass media therefore plays a pivotal role in filling this gap of ignorance and people tend to learn mental health illnesses from reports from the media therefore making them vulnerable to negative reports which emanate from the media. According to Giddens (2006) there is now a wide variety of mass media in the United Kingdom but newspapers have become one of the biggest forms of media. In fact, newspapers have become a subsequent link between criminality, violence and mental ill health (Ward, 1997 cited in Andrew, 2007). Focusing on the newspapers which are dominating cultural interactive in the United Kingdom in this modern time, research reports it have proved that news reporting in newspapers has strong predominates coverage about mental illness (Busfied, 2001). Essentially, newspapers do not focus on the clear meaning of the undifferentiated terms, such as lunatic ,psycho, schizo, mental patient, mental ill, all these meanings become different when general public interpret them ( Harris, 2004). Most newspapers report incidents of people with mental illness using terms such as dangerous and violent. Harris (2004) describes the reports in newspapers as a classical institutional trait which has common norms, rule s, beliefs, and knowledge and that they all share behavioural patterns on the concept of dangerousness. According to various sociologists the notion of dangerousness is used to characterise situations. This notion of newspapers constructing meanings represent negative attitudes to mental ill people. Busfied (2001, p135) refer dangerousâ⬠as harm to self or othersâ⬠. This dangerousness reveals to the public that mental ill people should stay away from the society. To the society point of view this particularly brings a close link between badness and illness. Newspapers interpret deviant behaviour, which is a behaviour that people so label. According to (Haralambos and Holborn) 1991, labelling is an ââ¬Å"act of naming, the development of language to confer and fix the meaning of behaviour and symbolic internationalism and the phenomenologyâ⬠. Moreover, according to Fulcher and Scott (2007), labelling theory claims that deviance and conforming result not much from what people do but from how others respond to those actions, it highlight social responses to mass media and deviance. Murder is one way that individual is labelled in a negative rather in a positive way (Anderson, 2003). Apple and Wesley (1988 cited in Anderson, 2003) cited the Hungerford massacre which outlined the story of Michael Ryan who committed a horrific homicide but there was no diagnosis of mental illness. Therefore sometimes people have wrong interpretations of horrific incidents and assumptions that violent incidents are only done by people with mental illness and their beliefs are constructed by the language used by newspapers. This leads to stigmatisation of people with mental illness and this is a negative social label which changes a persons self concept and social identity. According to Scheff (1984) stigmatising people often leads to retrospective labelling which he describes as the interpretation of someones past consistent with the present deviance. Retrospective labelling distorts a persons biography in prejudicial way guided by stigma than attempt to be fair. In order to reduce and tackle this stigmatising the Department of Health (1999b) initiated current mental healthcare policy which works towards promoting health to people with mental illness. (Anderson, 2003). Signorielli (1989) pointed out that films are another form of mass media which is culturally dominated in portraying the public life. Many films give a negative view of people with mental illness, for example films such as the Hollywood broadcast some vivid images which reveal negative effects to the public( Hyler,1988). In addition, films such as ââ¬Å"psycho, (1960), One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest (1975) remained the greatest example in presenting madness (Hyler et al, 1991). The main issue in all these films is mainly based on the experience of mental ill people. Byrne (2000 cited in Anderson, 2003) mentioned some films such as ââ¬Å"Shine (1989), Voices (2000) outlined that the synopsis of these films have great consequences to the lives of people with mental illness. For example the film Jack Nicolsons R.P MacMurghy (1970) refused to admission to mental institution as he was not having any problems related to mental illness but later lived in a mental institution. This shows h ow societys viewpoint can impact on each individuals view. The contemporary films draw people to fear resulting in a change of behaviour towards people with mental illness. Watching films like ââ¬Å"Halloween (1978)and Psycho(1960) have horrific themesâ⬠which arouse peoples anxiety and create fear of people with mental illness because violent actions influence the way people see things (Anderson 2003,p229). Cutcliffe and Hannigan (2001) argue that films stereotype people with mental illness which in turn contribute to the stigmatisation of people with mental illness. This is supported by Hyler,et al.(1991) who points out that film stereotypes and illness linked to violence and psychiatry and mental illness still dominates synopsis in films. Films present wrong interpretation to the public about mental illness by showing images of violence and dangerous people. Philo, et al (1994) also says that the images of mental health people which the film broadcast and the emotional language seem to have a lot of stereotypes. Therefore, films publications help to give mental illness its shape. Although there are various forms of media, television is the main worldwide source form of media which produces information mostly in images across different countries, especially in economically developed countries (Cutcliff and Hannigan (2001). Television also broadcast images, dramas, cartoons and international news, presenting clearly mental illness in the context of violence and harm to others. (Anderson, 2003). According to the survey carried out by Glasgow Media Group in Scotland, 1993, it has been found that television is a typical form of mass media which primarily focus most of its programmes on people with mental illness. Furthermore, it has judgemental attitudes which have negative impact towards people with mental health problems and the wider society. In a nutshell, television has great consequences to mentally ill people and draws attention of the wider society to exclude them in social life. From the above analysis, it is evident that mass media is enormously influential in directing attention towards the relative and somewhat arbitrary nature of dominant definition of mental illness in Britain. There is uniformity in the way mass media represent people with mental illness. Different forms of media have great impact to the public by the way they convey their message to the public. Mass media is therefore misleading people by relating mental illness to violence and dangerousness.
Saturday, January 18, 2020
How Did Population, Economics, Disease, Religion, and Climate Impact Ways of Life for Americans in New England and South America? Essay
If a foreigner asked an early American what life was like in America, the answer would depend greatly on where a person lived in the country. That was just as true in the 1700s as it is today. Overall, Americaââ¬â¢s colonial population increased from about 250,000 in 1690 to 2.5 million in 1754, fueled by natural increase and political turmoil in Europe. Poor Scots-Irish immigrants settled in the wilderness of North Carolina and the Appalachian Mountains. Wealthier German immigrants fled war and religious persecution. They felt most welcome in Pennsylvania and pushed the frontier steadily westward. This steady stream of non-English immigrants, combined with a significant American-born population, meant the New World was soon filled with people who had very little, if any, direct connection to England. Still, thousands of Americans fought on Englandââ¬â¢s behalf in four wars against Spanish, French, and Indian enemies. In our modern, developed world, it can be difficult to imagine how isolated the colonies were from each other. We get news and information at the touch of a button. But in the 17th and 18th centuries, there were few roads that linked one colony to another, and few forms of information other than word of mouth. Most people received more news from Europe than from another region of America. So, each colony grew distinctly from the others, following the local patterns established by the earliest settlers. Geography led New England to develop into a commercial and industrial region. The land and climate donââ¬â¢t support large-scale farming, but natural harbors made fishing, shipping, and shipbuilding profitable. Fast-moving rivers ran mills and machinery to manufacture goods. A strong working class developed. Immigrants tended to come in families, and 90% of them lived in or near small villages along these rivers. Homes and businesses were literally built in rings around a common building, and there were often shared woodlands and pasture lands for livestock. Since New England farms were fairly small, homes were pretty close together. This compact design encouraged commerce and made community schools practical. New England was the first region in which public education appeared. But the most important aspect of community life may have been the town meeting, held in the common building. These provided an opportunity for townsmen to voice their concerns and interests and planted the seeds of democratic government.
Friday, January 10, 2020
Choosing Good Good Topics Personal Narrative Essay
Choosing Good Good Topics Personal Narrative Essay Things You Should Know About Good Topics Personal Narrative Essay The cost of an essay depends upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. As a consequence, the collection of topic doesn't matter as the writer should keep in mind that everything is under his control in a narrative essay. When you choose a topic you're passionate about it can help you compose an exceptional and captivating story. Picking the subject of your essay offers you an advantage in the feeling that you are able to write about something you're passionate ambitious. The Ugly Side of Good Topics Personal Narrative Essay If your purpose is to capture the eye of your readers, search for a personal narrative topic that has not ever been discussed before and write it in an understandable way. Without dreams and hopes, individuals lose their desire to reside and begin abandoning own plans. Try to remember that the point of your story is to really tell it, not to convince your reader that you're right. Whispered Good Topics Personal Narrative Essay Secrets Even in the event that you don't have a lot of experience in any particular field, you can discover incredible stories that might be a foundation for you narrative essays. Stories about traveling have an outstanding potential. It's possible to even secure funny narrative essay topics like embarrassing and humorous experiences in your life, to one of the greatest comedies you have at any time seen. The perfect place to start is their very own personal experiences. Good Topics Personal Narrative Essay: No Longer a Mystery Needless to say, the family isn't the only alternative. The story ought to be coherent and ought to have a certain theme driving it. In case it's a personal narrative, it has to have details linked to personal experiences and their outcome. Describe the place where the situation occurs and make it part of your narration. Bear in mind a topic can help determine the result of a narrative. Sensory detail is very capable of making the reader feel like he's experiencing the events first-hand. Irrelevant details will shift the focus of your readers and they won't be able to comprehend the story. The Nuiances of Good Topics Personal Narrative Essay A narrative essay is extremely personal, that is the reason why in the majority of the scenarios it is known as a personal narrative essay. Despite the first impression, it is not the easiest of all assignments. When you're writing a narrative essay, attempt to reveal the topic you've selected and come to a very clear conclusion. The fantastic narrative essay demands enough moment. It is suggested to look for the one which has a great reputation and offers high-quality papers at very affordable prices. Since you may see, there's a whole rich selection of topics for writing a narrative essay that may vary greatly. Every precise detail matters if you would like to assemble an excellent narrative essay. Occasionally it can be challenging to write really intriguing and exciting essay of the superior quality. The author should find because many similarities and differences as possible so he'll want to do a little bit of research. Very good essayist should utilize appropriate pacing. It isn't always simple to choose a great topic and story for this kind of essay. Your essay may have a happy or sad ending, depending upon your story. Persuasive essays should have logical and very clear reasoning supported by facts and arguments. Should you do, then you should be aware of how to compose personal narrative essays. Use transition words to get your text coherent and simple to read. Share what you consider the topic. The Little-Known Secrets to Good Topics Personal Narrative Essay Writing a great narrative essay is dependent mostly on the subject you chose. For this reason, you've got to find good narrative essay topics all on your own. Among the assorted genres of essays, narrative essays could be the simplest to write since they don't require any research and derive from our very own personal ideas and experiences. They serve a wide variety of purposes. What to Expect From Good Topics Personal Narrative Essay? Don't forget that a narrative essay is a super b chance not just to improve grades without a need to finish a research but also a chance to find more regarding your classmates, their life situations and stories. Writing in the very first person offers you the chance to narrate events like they were happening at the exact same moment.
Wednesday, January 1, 2020
The Outbreak Of Measles Outbreak - 1385 Words
In December of 2014, an outbreak of measles, which started in Disneyland, resulted in nearly two hundred people being sickened across the United States, Mexico, and Canada. The highly contagious respiratory disease spread for three months. Among those who contracted the illness, one developed severe pneumonia and multiple organ injury, while another suffered acute respiratory distress syndrome. So, why did an illness, which was purportedly eliminated sixteen years ago, experience a surge so dramatic that it caused more cases in 2014 than in the five preceding years combined? According to the CDC, the outbreak could be boiled down to one simple reason: ââ¬Å"The majority of people were unvaccinated.â⬠So while the California measles outbreak is a thing of the past, the fight to increase compliance with vaccinations continues. 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